Tutankhamun
The Golden Mask of Pharaoh Tutankhamun
Pharaoh Tutankhamun as a revival of traditional polytheism ascended to the throne at approximately 8 or 9 years old and died at around 18 or 19. Widely known as the "Young King" he ruled from approximately 1332 to 1323 BC. Tutankhamun's tomb contains a single chamber with paintings inside which are several large gilded wooden altars surrounding the red quartzite sarcophagus of Pharaoh Tutankhamun. Stairs descend to a solid rock ledge leading to a sealed door.
The tomb is relatively small and was built during the Eighteenth Dynasty. It contains the pharaoh and his superimposed sarcophagus along with a disassembled chariot a bed and various pieces of furniture a distinctive gold mask and over 5,000 treasures most of which remain remarkably well-preserved. The tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun KV62 is located in the Valley of the Kings in Luxor Egypt. Discovered by British archaeologist Howard Carter on 4 November 1922
The tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun KV62 in the Valley of the Kings Egypt. This photograph taken by Harry Burton in 1922 shows the "Anubis shrine" located at the entrance to the treasury.
A symbol of the pharaoh's power over enemies this staff is one of over 130 found in his tomb. The gilded stone-inlaid staff of Pharaoh Tutankhamun was discovered in his tomb. The artwork depicts two prisoners of war and the golden Canopic Shrine of Pharaoh Tutankhamun. This artifact was found inside the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun KV62 in the Valley of the Kings. The structure is made of gilded wood and decorated with sculptures of guardian goddesses and large storage jars.
Mural paintings inside the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun KV62 in the Valley of the Kings Egypt.
Protection balance a symbol of theological strength victory over chaos. It depicts the pharaoh in the form of a sphinx with a human head. The ceremonial shield of Pharaoh Tutankhamun is depicted trampling his enemies and a replica of Tutankhamun's chariot made of wood and gilded is on display. The discovery of a perfectly preserved tomb and its sudden death have become a perplexing mystery encompassing both the cause of death and a curse believed to claim the lives of tomb trespassers. This chariot has six-spoked wheels an example of New Dynasty Egyptian engineering. The bas-relief carvings on the chariot depict the pharaoh and religious symbols. This replica chariot is part of the Tutankhamun treasure exhibition and some archaeologists believe there may be an unexplored secret chamber behind the tomb walls possibly containing the remains of Queen Nefertiti.
Pharaoh Menes conquered enemy territories
The archaeological site of Umm el-Gaab near Abydos is older than the pyramids and served as a burial ground between 4,000 BC and 2,650 BC. Evidence and inscriptions bearing the name of the legendary and mysterious king who founded the first dynasty of Egypt have been discovered there. The Tablets of Narmer are crucial evidence indicating that Narmer unified Upper and Lower Egypt. The drawings on the tablets depict the king wearing the white crown of Upper Egypt and the red crown of Lower Egypt providing the most conclusive evidence of Narmer's unification of the two kingdoms. For thousands of years, the absence of statues or images clearly depicting his face has left his true appearance a mystery.
A pharaoh of the First Dynasty of ancient Egypt who according to classical legend is believed to have united Upper and Lower Egypt.
This object was used in rituals associated with power in pre-unification Egypt. The bas-relief depicts one of the oldest surviving Egyptian battle scenes. "Battlefield Tablets" from Ancient Egypt c. 3,300–3,100 BC. The clay and sandstone structure gives rise to various crafts including the earliest forms of writing beginning to appear on pottery and elaborately decorated tombs of the 3rd Naqada period and carved stone vessels.
The Narmer Palette is an ancient Egyptian bas-relief stone tablet created around 3,150 BC to celebrate the reunification of Upper and Lower Egypt. Carved by Pharaoh Narmer from greywacke it was found in Hierakonpolis and is currently on display at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.
The Old Kingdom the foundation of society was built organized and power was centralized in architecture literature art construction and metalwork. Monuments and the Great Pyramid are evident. After Pharaoh Menes the first pharaoh of the 1st Dynasty was crowned and participated in the ceremony with carvings on his mace depicting his marriage to the heir of the Red Land along with offerings unearthed in the main collection at the temple in Hierakonpolis.
Neshen is another important event included in several tombs as part of the decoration of ritual tablets and to record significant events demonstrating faith in the gods for victory in unifying Egypt. Ancient Egyptians believed that Pharaoh Menes was an avatar of the sun god who descended to rule over humanity and the Egyptians. He was the first pharaoh to rule all of Egypt marking the beginning of the First Dynasty a period when power was centralized in the city of Tinnis. When the First Dynasty ruled Egypt they immediately unified the country after Pharaoh Narmer unified Upper and Lower Egypt.
The Narmer Palette an important artifact from ancient Egypt dates back to approximately 3,100 BC and is on display at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. The carvings depict Pharaoh Narmer.
The recording of events on the Narmer Tablets reinforced slate slabs known as the Narmer Stone depicts a Pharaoh in a white crown beating a northern tribal chief and captives followed by a man in charge holding the Pharaoh's teapot and sandals and below two slain men. The back of the tablet shows two animals entangled with two men holding ropes around their necks and ten conquered men bound together with a banner bearer. The overall composition depicts a sacrifice of captives with the hieroglyphs on the Narmer Tablet signifying the unification of Egypt.
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